First of all, what is Dvorak? Since you read this post, I’m sure you already know a little bit about it – for example, that it’s a keyboard layout developed by August Dvorak and his brother-in-law William Dealey. An example of the Dvorak Simplified Keyboard layout (United States version) looks like this:

The standard layout nowadays is QWERTY (although some countries use other layouts, such as AZERTY), named after the first six characters on the top row. If you use QWERTY, look down at your keyboard. Have you ever wondered why the keys are arranged in the way they are? It’s not very easy to find a pattern.

Sometimes one can hear that Dvorak was designed to be efficient, while QWERTY on the other hand was created to slow typists down. You could argue about the former, but the latter is just a common misunderstanding. If you want to learn why (and how) the two keyboard layouts were invented, and find out more about Dvorak in general, I highly recommend The Dvorak Zine.

Why I started with Dvorak

Being someone interested in computers, I had heard about this strange keyboard layout called “Dvorak” a long time ago. But that was all I thought about it – a strange keyboard layout. Sure, it could be better than QWERTY, but having to learn how to type on a weird layout you won’t find on other computers didn’t sound like a good way to spend your time.

One day, almost two years ago, I stumbled upon a review of some ergonomic keyboards. Generally I don’t like ergonomic things (to me, most seem to say “hey look at me, I have nice curves!” or “let’s see how long your wrists will last”), but two keyboards caught my attention: Kinesis Advantage and Typematrix EZ Reach 2030.

This one caught my eyes as well, but in a less positive way

I had seen both before, and I knew a friend who owned a Typematrix. It looked and felt nice, so I decided to check out their homepage. Soon I was reading the Features page and watching their video presentation, which you can see below:

Even though the video itself might not be that impressive (and I’m not only talking about the music), the content in it made sense to me. The reason keyboards look the way they do today is because people got used to it, not because it’s been proven to be better than alternatives.

Around this time I also got more interested in Dvorak and read a little bit about it. I knew from before that the Typematrix keyboard included a Dvorak layout – this seemed like a good opportunity to kill two birds with one stone, get used to this new keyboard and learn to type Dvorak on it.

But before that, I did some research. A lot of searching and reading other people’s experiences. Learning a new keyboard layout isn’t something you do over one night, and I had a lot of questions – just to mention a few:

1. Is it going to be worth it? It would require time and effort to relearn how to type, and the keyboard wasn’t cheap either (at least not for poor students like me). How much of the time would I be able to use Dvorak in the future compared to QWERTY?
2. How easy is it for your fingers to switch between the layouts? I didn’t want to look like an fool in front of someone else’s computer
3. How long time would it take? Most persons seemed to recommend that you avoid QWERTY completely when you learn Dvorak, otherwise it could hamper your learning process. I needed a period when I could afford to not type at full speed

Let’s see what answers I came up with:

1. I spend much time in front of computers, sometimes a bit too much perhaps. In most situations I prefer to use keyboard over mouse – it’s more comfortable and many times also faster.I’ve typed on keyboards for about 16 years, and unless something unexpected happens, I’ll continue to do that for many decades. The keyboard is one of the tools I’ll use the most in my life – actually, it’s likely the most used tool. You probably see where I’m going – even if it takes time, effort and money, as long as it’s a reasonable amount for a small improvement, it’s going to be worth it in the long run.

   Now for the second question – is it possible for me to stick to Dvorak, or will I eventually be forced back to QWERTY? As you know most keyboards use the QWERTY layout, but it’s actually quite easy to change the layout in the software – Dvorak is shipped with most popular operative systems. Still, I don’t want to switch layout on every computer before typing.

   But how often do I use someone else’s computer? I prefer to do any serious work in my own workspace. Here everything is setup the way I like it – from dual monitors to installed software configuration. This is perfectly fine now that I’m a student. My aim is to become a scientist in the future, and I hope it’ll offer a similar degree of freedom. No, I don’t plan to work from home all the time, but hopefully nobody will yell at me for using a strange keyboard layout at work (except mischievous colleagues, perhaps).

   To summarize: most of the time when I need to type a lot I’ll use my own equipment. However, I’ll make sure to maintain my QWERTY skills for when I need to borrow a computer.

2. How easy you can switch between two keyboard layouts seemed to be very individual – some persons said that they could switch instantly, others could barely type QWERTY at all after learning Dvorak.There will be some confusion in the beginning, no doubt about it. But if you keep up using QWERTY from time to time, you’ll eventually be able to switch between both more easily. At least that’s what I believe, and this was also one of the reasons why I wanted to learn Dvorak on a different keyboard. Theoretically, it would work similar to classical conditioning – if I only type Dvorak on the Typematrix, my brain will unconsciously switch to “Dvorak mode” when I use that keyboard (and vice verse for my normal keyboard and QWERTY).

   In the long run I want to be able to use both layouts on both keyboards and switch consciously, but I think this “trick” will make it easier to reach that goal.

3. As expected, the learning time also varies a lot from person to person, but I estimated that it would take about two weeks before I could type without too much frustration.I could also learn Dvorak at a slower pace and use QWERTY when I needed it, but I preferred to take the fast route and get over with it. This is still possible for me – it would be harder if I had a job where I needed to use the keyboard a lot.

I had reached a conclusion. Before buying the keyboard, I asked the friend where he had got his Typematrix EZ Reach 2030 and the shipping/total cost. Turned out that he didn’t use it anymore and asked me if I wanted it. Woah, seriously!? The answer shouldn’t be too hard to guess.

And so my Dvorak adventure begun.

Fast-forwarding two years

The answers in the previous section were based on what I had read and heard about Dvorak. After two years, I can give answers based on my own experience. Let’s start with an easy one – was it worth it?

Yes, definitely.

The biggest advantage of Dvorak, as I see it, isn’t increased speed as one might think. Sure, my overall typing speed has increased roughly 40 % (it’s hard to give an accurate number since I haven’t made many measurements), but that’s not the main reason I use this layout. It’s about comfort.

With that said, I’m sure there are many who still want to know my typing speed. My average speed on QWERTY was around 50 WPM (words per minute, net speed). I didn’t do many typing tests with QWERTY, but I would guess that my maximum speed was slightly above 60 WPM.

My current comfortable typing speed on Dvorak is ~70 WPM. I’ve typed above 90 WPM, but I wouldn’t call that “comfortable”. As you see I’m not a speed monster (yet?), and I’m sure many QWERTY typists type faster than me on Dvorak. But speed isn’t the only thing that matters to me.

Given the fact that I’ve typed QWERTY for about 16 years and only 2 years Dvorak, the improvement might sound pretty good. After one week I typed around 30 % of my QWERTY speed, after 6 weeks I had regained my original speed. And then it just continued to improve, little by little.

I want to add, however, that the increased speed isn’t only due to the switch to Dvorak. Previously nobody had taught me how to type properly – I used my own technique I had developed as a child. It’s a variation of the common form of typing know as “hunt and peck“, but without the “hunt” part. I could type fine without looking down at the keyboard and used all fingers except my left thumb. Maybe “finger waltz” is a better name for it.

When I learned Dvorak I had to start from scratch anyway, so it was natural to learn touch typing in the process. This was well worth it – not only do I type faster now, my accuracy has got a lot better and my bad habit to look at the keyboard from time to time (even if I didn’t need to) is gone. As an additional bonus, it made it much easier to learn the commands in applications like Vim and Nethack.

Training touch typing with KTouch

This combination of Dvorak and touch typing made typing much more pleasant. Common words such as “the”, “that”, “do(es)”, “he”, “she”, “it” and “hans” can all be typed from the middle row, often called the “home row” (because that’s where you keep your fingers when at rest). Reducing the need to reach for the other rows makes a difference if you type thousands of words every day. With Dvorak and touch typing my fingers move less and in a more natural way compared to my old form of typing, which involved a lot of hand movements. Now I barely move my hands at all.

What about my QWERTY skills? In the beginning, I felt clumsy when typing on a “normal” keyboard with QWERTY. However, to my surprise, my typing speed hadn’t decreased much – maybe about 10-20 %. I regained this loss after typing on QWERTY for a few days.

Now I’ve also started to learn touch typing with QWERTY. It’s definitely easier than when I started with Dvorak – my fingers are already used to touch typing, and my brain know the approximate arrangement of the keys in the QWERTY layout. If I were to learn both layouts from scratch, however, I think Dvorak would be the less painful one. It’s more logical, and you can start typing words with a few letters from the home row.

My opinion is that Dvorak is the superior keyboard layout of the two, but I have to accept that QWERTY is the de facto standard and adapt to that. Now that I feel comfortable with Dvorak I’ll switch between the two layouts more often. Once you get over that steep learning curve in the beginning, the “training” is just about doing things you normally would – write an article/essay/report, reply to mails and maybe chat with some good friends.

That’s about everything I wanted to say this time, hope you enjoyed it. If there’s interest, I’m thinking about writing more about Dvorak, covering topics such as:

• My learning process – how I learned Dvorak, which guides and applications I used
• More about the Typematrix keyboard and what I think about it
• Chvorak, my own keyboard layout
• Anything else you want to hear about?

Go is a wonderful board game. The rules themselves are very simple, but the game itself is fascinating. It’s a bit like Conway’s Game of Life – with a few simple rules you can create something really interesting. However, the similarities pretty much stop there.

A game of Go

Introduction to the game

The equipment consist of black and white stones and a board with a grid (usually 19×19). Playing the game is easy:

• Two players, Black and White, take turns to place a stone on an intersection on the board. First out is Black.
• You can capture stones by “surrounding” them. There’s a nicer way to describe this involving the term liberties, but it’s too lengthy for this post.
• In the end, the player with the largest territory + most captured stones wins.

There are some additional rules, but this is basically how you play.

White's stone is captured by Black

“Piece of cake”, you might think, “but how do you actually play it?” That’s one of the things I found difficult in Go – what are the objectives, and how do you achieve them? As for the first question, a key word is territory. If you look at pros, you’ll see that it’s not about capturing most stones. As you play more, you’ll surely discover many answers.

The second question then? Ikuro Ishigure writes in Elementary Go Series, Volume 1: “When black puts his first stone onto the empty go board, he has three-hundred sixty-one points among which to choose. Even if symmetry is taken into account, there are fifty-five different possible opening moves”.

As if that isn’t scary enough, let’s look at some more statistics. According to Wikipedia, the number of possible Go games exceeds the number of atoms in the known universe. Needless to say, Go gives the player a lot of freedom.

Now don’t be discouraged. Go is a very interesting game, and there are many online guides to get you started. I think this one teaches Go in a fun way (requires Java):

The Interactive Way To Go

Here’s a video tutorial. I haven’t watched it myself, but videos are usually nice to get a basic understanding of something.

Some more useful links are listed on this page.

My experience

I’ve know the rules of Go for a very long time – similar to how most western people know the rules of Chess. And similarly, I didn’t know how to actually play it well.

I still don’t. But I’m confident that I’m a stronger player than I was one year ago. And I’m sure that there’s a lot of room for improvement.

The reason I became more interested in Go was an anime called Hikaru no Go (recommended if you like anime). I read some guides on the Internet, but soon other things demanded my attention and the Go board¹ started to collect dust again.

About one year ago, I stumbled upon KGS and decided to give it a try. Playing people online was much more fun than the Go programs I had tried. A yotta more fun. I’ve learned a lot from playing persons from all around the world. There’s a handicap system in Go, so playing stronger player is not futile; actually quite the contrary, since some kind people don’t mind to spend some time and review the game afterwards.

Now I’m become hooked again. I even bought some Go books, currently reading the Elementary Go Series when I find the time and play on KGS. I wish I had more people in Real Life to play against – maybe I should visit the local Go club, or make more friends discover the beauty of Go.

… [it is] something unearthly… If there are sentient beings on other planets, then they play Go.
- Emuanel Lasker

¹ To be honest, I didn’t even own a board at that time. If you’re a mathematician, you can call it an iGo board if it makes you feel more comfortable. /me hides

I’ve always had a lot of hobbies. When I was a child, I usually had one or two activities every weekday (except on Sundays). Many were dropped due to lack of time, but I’ve also picked up a few new interests. I think I’m pretty open to new things, as long as they look fun or seem useful.

Regardless of how much I enjoy a hobby, it’ll only be just that – a hobby. I don’t plan to take either to a professional level.

Still, I want to work with something I’m interested in. The scientific world seems to be perfect – a place with constant new challenges, a place where you’re relatively independent and learn new things every day. Of course it won’t be perfect all the time. specially not in the beginning I would guess. But it’s hopefully interesting enough to give me something to blog about besides the usual KDE-related stuff.